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Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Streptozotocin can selectively destroy the pancreatic β-cells with rapid and irreversible necrosis and can be used to generate a chronic model of hyperglycemia and type 1 diabetes.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - STZ-induced type 1 diabetes model. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xh8fj9w Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Summary:Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is the gold-standard method to assess insulin sensitivity. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is widely used in clinics and laboratories to measure insulin action on glucose utilization in humans and animals for clinical and basic science research. Incorporation of radioactive-labeled glucose during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps makes it possible to measure glucose metabolism in individual organs in awake mice. Impaired insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) is a major characteristic of obesity and an early requisite event in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xzefp3e Copy
Authors: Jennifer Rutkowsky
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Factor VIII is a glycoprotein present in human plasma, human endothelial cells, megakaryocytes and platelets. Immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII related antigen could be used to determine if the benign and malignant neoplastic lesions are of endothelial origin. Furthermore, it can be utilized to determine vessel density in a tissue of interestModified from: IHC Methods and Materials VMTH - Anatomic Pathology, UC-Davis.
Proper citation: Jennifer Rutkowsky 2019. UC Davis - Immunohistochemistry Factor VIII. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.56qg9dw Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Summary:This experiment involves a spectrophotometric measurement using Roche Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol reflect cholesterol metabolism and are associated with cardiovascular disease.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Cholesterol (HDL). protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xt6fnre Copy
Authors: Jennifer Rutkowsky
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: SummaryIn multiple studies, access to the circulatory system in laboratory studies is necessary and femoral vein is one of the more common. Implanted femoral catheters permit a researcher to effectively administer substances and perform repeated blood sampling from an anesthetized mouse ( for instance administration of gadolinium for MRI BBB permeability studies).
Proper citation: Jennifer Rutkowsky 2019. UC Davis - Femoral Vein Cannulation. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.zavf2e6 Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: This experiment provides the quantification of multiple hormones using multiplexed-Luminex technology based on beads containing specific antibodies. Sample matrices include plasma, serum, tissue culture supernatants, and tissue or cell lysates. Serum glucagon levels reflect glucagon secretion and pancreatic α-cell function. Serum glucagon levels regulate hepatic glucose production and glucose homeostasis. Serum glucagon levels are altered in obesity, insulin resistance, and counterregulatory stress response.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Glucagon. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xw3fpgn Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Intravenous administration via tail vein is used to acutely deliver drug, hormones, and adenoassociated virus in mice. A large fraction of injectate will be cleared by liver.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Surgery – tail vein injection. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.x5dfq26 Copy
Authors: John Rutledge
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: One of the three indices of arterial function that are compromised to a varying degree in individuals with cardiovascular disease is vascular permeability. This assay measures vascular permeability (as flux of labeled large molecular weight molecules: i.e. albumin or dextran) and lipid permeability (as flux of labeled lipid) in coronary or carotid arteries.
Proper citation: John Rutledge 2019. UC Davis - Microvascular Permeability and Lipoprotien Flux. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.56vg9e6 Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: This experiment involves a spectrophotometric measurement using Roche Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Serum lactate levels are affected by alterations in glucose and protein metabolism.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass -Lactate. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.x5ufq6w Copy
Authors: Douglas J. Rowland
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: The Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging (CMGI) provides small animal imaging services for preclinical research. Contrast agents are a prerequisite for scientifically useful imaging studies involving microPET and microSPECT. In some studies, a contrast agent is also necessary for microCT imaging studies. Contrast agents include iodine-based compounds for x-ray computed tomography (CT), gadolinium for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radioactive tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Proper citation: Douglas J. Rowland 2019. UC Davis - Imaging CMGI. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.678hhrw Copy
Authors: Peter Havel
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Summary:
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a ubiquitous, toxic, metabolic by-product of aerobic respiration, oxidative stress, and oxidative injury. Cayman's Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit utilizes the well established xylenol orange detection method of quantifying the oxidation of ferrous ions (Fe2+) to ferric ions (Fe3+) by hydrogen peroxide. A unique feature of Cayman's assay is the inclusion of catalase as an H2O2 scavenger for the purpose of confirming the specificity of the reaction for H2O2. The sensitivity and the specificity of the assay make it well suited to accurately measure urinary levels H2O2 in a 96 well plate format. Each kit contains hydrogen peroxide, reagent 1, reagent 2, catalase, a 96 well plate, plate cover, and complete instructions.
Proper citation: Peter Havel 2019. UC Davis - Hydrogen Peroxide. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.ypqfvmw Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: The adiponectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a standard immunoassay for the detection of total adiponectin levels in serum, adipocyte extracts, and cell culture media samples. This experiment uses a 96-well plate coated with anti-adiponectin antibodies and developed with a secondary anti-adiponectin antibody linked to horseradish peroxidase. The ELISA is developed with 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a chromogenic substrate and read on an automated plate spectrophotometer at 450 nm. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone (adipokine) that regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Adiponectin. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xm9fk96 Copy
Authors: Brandon Willis
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Standard PCR conditions for genotyping of mutant mouse DNA extracted from somatic (e.g., tail) tissue.
Proper citation: Brandon Willis 2019. UC Davis - Genotyping. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.yjifuke Copy
Authors: Peter Havel
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Summary:
Albumin blue dye is a stain for the specific and sensitive spectrofluorometric determination of albumin in natural matrices. AB 580 binds to the albumin present in urine samples and the fluorescence can be quantified using a fluorimeter.
Proper citation: Peter Havel 2019. UC Davis - Uninary Albumin Excretion (UAE) Protocol. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.yw5fxg6 Copy
Authors: Jennifer Rutkowsky
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1) is specifically expressed in macrophages / microglia and is upregulated during the activation of these cells. Iba1 expression is up-regulated in microglia following nerve injury,[4] central nervous system ischemia, and several other brain diseases. Furthermore it has been found in athlesclerotic plaques and at sigts of vascular injury. Modified from: IHC Methods and Materials VMTH - Anatomic Pathology, UC-Davis
Proper citation: Jennifer Rutkowsky 2019. UC Davis - Immunohistochemistry IBA1. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.56pg9dn Copy
Authors: Thomas Huser
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Raman spectroscopy analyzes non-elastically scattered light from chemical bonds (Fig. 1). Photons from a laser source are scattered by interaction with molecular bond vibrations and either deposit energy into a particular bond or receive additional energy from an already excited bond vibration. Different molecular bonds have different vibrational frequencies and lead to specific peaks in the Raman spectrum. For instance, a C-C bond can be easily distinguished from a C=C bond, allowing us to distinguish saturated from unsaturated lipids. All biomacromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, have characteristic Raman modes, which enable the nondestructive determination of their chemical composition and structure. Raman spectroscopy provides complementary information to mass spectrometry or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without destroying cells in the process of the analysis, with high spatial resolution akin to confocal optical microscopy, and without the need for contrast agents - enabling live imaging at the cellular level. In our LTRS system we have further increased the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy at the cellular and sub cellular level by combining laser trapping and Raman spectroscopy. Here, a tightly focused laser beam, such as the one obtained by sending the beam through a high resolution immersion oil microscope objective, forms an optical laser trap which captures cells or lipoproteins and confines them to the laser focus until the laser is turned off or another particle collides with the one captured. Modified from: Chan JW, et.al. Anal. Chem. 2005 Sep 15;77(18):5870-76.
Proper citation: Thomas Huser 2019. UC Davis - Lipoprotein analysis by LTRS. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.56yg9fw Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Summary:
This experiment provides the quantification of multiple cytokines and chemokines using multiplexed-Luminex technology based on beads containing specific antibodies. Serum cytokine levels reflect chronic or acute inflammation, and circulating cytokines and chemokines are altered in obesity.
Cytokines Panel III include IL-20 (interleukin-20), IL-23, IL-27, IL-33, MDC (macrophage- derived chemokine; CCL-22), and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases).
A service can be requested for all or any combination of listed cytokines/chemokines for customized multiplexed Luminex assay.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Cytokines Panel III - multiplex. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xv7fn9n Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Glucose uptake in individual organs can be measured using a bolus injection of 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C] glucose, a non-metabolizable glucose analog, and by determining labeled metabolite levels in select tissues. Insulin resistance is characterized by reduced glucose metabolism and develops in obese mice.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Organ-specific glucose uptake. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.x4cfqsw Copy
Authors: Jason Kim
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: This experiment involves a spectrophotometric measurement using Roche Cobas Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Serum levels of LDL-cholesterol reflect cholesterol metabolism and are associated with cardiovascular disease.
Proper citation: Jason Kim 2019. U Mass - Cholesterol (LDL). protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.xt9fnr6 Copy
Authors: Jennifer Rutkowsky
Group: Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers
Summary: Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They are distinct organelles with two membranes. Usually they are rod shaped, however they can be round. Several diseases and disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, cardiovascular disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetes mellitus have all shown association to mitochondrial dysfunction and disorder.
Proper citation: Jennifer Rutkowsky 2019. UC Davis - Immunohistochemistry Mitochondrial marker. protocols.io dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.56ng9de Copy
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