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The Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Foundation is a non-profit corporation whose purpose is to foster the exchange of research on neural information processing systems in their biological, technological, mathematical, and theoretical aspects. Neural information processing is a field which benefits from a combined view of biological, physical, mathematical, and computational sciences. The primary focus of the NIPS Foundation is the presentation of a continuing series of professional meetings known as the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference, held over the years at various locations in the United States and Canada.
Proper citation: NIPS - Neural Information Processing Systems Conference (RRID:SCR_001998) Copy
http://hendrix.ei.dtu.dk/software/mriwarp/mriwarp.html
Warping tool for intersubject registration of brain images consisting of C functions for Unix systems plus Matlab visualization utility functions. Apart from warping there are also (command line) functions for ANALYZE header information, mirroring, translation, subsampling. The package cannot only be used as a preprocessing step in function neuroimaging but also as a step in deformation-based morphometry.
Proper citation: MRIWarp (RRID:SCR_002072) Copy
Computational neuroscience center that observes and models how functional activities in multiple brain areas interact dynamically to support human cognition, creativity and social interaction. Center research involves development computational methods and software, experimental methods and equipment, collection and analysis of human cognitive experiments, and collaborations to analyze data collected by other groups in such experiments. The Center has a 72-channel EEG recording system customized for use in the fMRI environment, and a very-high density Biosemi Active Two active-electrode EEG system, rapidly configurable either as a 256-channel system for a single subject or as two 136-channel systems for recording from two subjects simultaneously. In addition, UCSD now has a 306-channel MEG plus 128-channel EEG system (Neuromag/Elektra). Projects in the Center include studies of human cognitive processes including attention and memory, role of the anterior/posterior cingulate, time perception and emotional expression. Data acquisition includes high-density EEG, concurrent EEG and fMRI recording and analysis, and face video processing. Current analysis approaches include independent component and time-frequency analysis.
Proper citation: Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience (RRID:SCR_001933) Copy
http://www.pc.rhul.ac.uk/staff/J.Larsson/software.html
Set of programs and Tk/Tcl scripts, with a GUI wrapper, for extracting the inner and outer cortical surfaces from a T1-weighted MR image of the human brain. It is based on the TFI C++ library and is written for a Unix-based environment (specifically 64-bit and 32-bit versions of Ubuntu). As a courtesy to Apple users a version for Apple/X11 is maintained but the OS X version will always lag the Linux version; also, because some of the third-party libraries SurfRelax relies on may not be supported in or compatible with future versions of OS X, there is no guarantee that the OS X version will be supported indefinitely. Although in principle SurfRelax could be run under Windows (using Cygwin), because of the difficulties of maintaining multiple platforms and the limited support libraries available under Cygwin, there will no longer be support for SurfRelax on this platform. The surfaces are guaranteed to be topologically equivalent to a sphere, thereby obviating the need for handle removal. SurfRelax requires no user intervention, although minor manual editing is recommended for optimal results (normally less than 10 minutes per hemisphere). SurfRelax has several properties that compare favorably with other software packages for surface reconstruction: * Free software - The binaries (written in C++ and Tcl/Tk) are in the public domain. The source code will be released once legacy code issues have been resolved (i.e. replacing with GPL code). * Uses standard public file formats: Analyze file format (SPM/FSL-compatible) for volumes and OOGL OFF binary format for surfaces (see www.geomview.org (http://www.geomview.org/docs/html/geomview_26.html#OOGLRef)) * Combines advantages of volumetric and surface-based methods for surface generation * Correct topology of output surface guaranteed * Requires little or no user intervention - no need for manual handle removal * Relatively robust to noise - multi-scale method compensates for partial volume effects and intensity inhomogeneities * Relatively fast (an entire brain is segmented, extracted and unfolded in less than 2 hours of CPU time) * Powerful editing and visualization tools for volumes and surfaces * Readily extendable - for instance for use with monkey brains or children's brains * Can be used to visualize functional data from SPM or FSL * Includes tools for integration with Stanford's VISTASOFT tools for FMRI data analysis (white.stanford.edu)
Proper citation: SurfRelax (RRID:SCR_002139) Copy
Independent international facilitator catalyzing and coordinating global development of neuroinformatics aiming to advance data reuse and reproducibility in global brain research. Integrates and analyzes diverse data across scales, techniques, and species to understand brain function and positively impact the health and well being of society.
Proper citation: International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (RRID:SCR_002282) Copy
http://www.bioon.com/bioline/neurosci/course/index.htm
An illustrated guide to the essential basics of clinical neuroscience created in conjunction with the first-year course for medical students.
Topics covered:
* Coronal and horizontal sections
* Basic visual pathway
* Basic somatosensory pathway
* Basic motor pathway
* Eye and retina
* Central visual pathways
* Auditory and vestibular systems
* Somatosensory pathways from the body
* Somatosensory pathways from the face
* Spinal motor structures
* Brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves
* Basal ganglia and cerebellum
* Hypothalamus and autonomic nervous system
* Medial temporal lobe and memory
* Sleep and language
* Where is...?
Proper citation: Washington University School of Medicine Neuroscience Tutorial (RRID:SCR_002271) Copy
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on October 28,2025. Project mapping whole mouse brain connectivity using serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) with a specially-designed whole-brain microtome (WBM). With any luck, the whole mouse brain will be mapped ultrastructurally in the near term, which will then open the door to more serious problems; reliable automated segmentation and circuit reconstruction. These will undoubtedly require advances in machine learning methods and their application. Connectomics Software and a Multiresolution Image Viewer (MIV) is also available.
Proper citation: Connectomes.org (RRID:SCR_002243) Copy
http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/nervous/nervous.htm
Histology atlas of different parts of the nervous system that corresponds with the laboratory exercises of the Cell & Tissue Biology course of the School of Medicine of the University of Kansas. Succinct explanations of the tissues to guide the first-year medical student in the use of their microscope is provided and subsequently serves as a permanent histology resource for all medical students and physicians. Sections of the brain that are included are: * Spinal Cord * Central Canal * White Matter * Gray Matter * Dorsal Root Ganglion * Cerebellum * Cerebrum * Astrocytes * Nerve * Node of Ranvier * Pacinian Corpuscle
Proper citation: HistoWeb: Nervous System (RRID:SCR_002369) Copy
http://www.behav.org/abcd/abcd.php
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented August 21, 2017.
Database developed for storing, retrieving and cross-referencing neuroscience information about the connectivity of the avian brain. It contains entries about the new and old terminology of the areas and their hierarchy and data on connections between brain regions, as well as a functional keyword system linked to brain regions and connections.
Proper citation: Avian Brain Circuitry Database (RRID:SCR_002401) Copy
An automatic whole-brain extraction tool for T1-weighted MRI data (commonly known as skull stripping). Whole-brain segmentation is often the first component in neuroimage pipelines and therefore, its robustness is critical for the overall performance of the system. Many methods have been proposed in the literature, but they often: * work well on certain datasets but fail on others. * require case-specific parameter tuning ROBEX aims for robust skull-stripping across datasets with no parameter settings. It fits a triangular mesh, constrained by a shape model, to the probabilistic output of a supervised brain boundary classifier. Because the shape model cannot perfectly accommodate unseen cases, a small free deformation is subsequently allowed. The deformation is optimized using graph cuts.
Proper citation: ROBEX (RRID:SCR_002534) Copy
http://www.brainnet-europe.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99&Itemid=99
Sampling protocols produced by the BrainNet Europe Consortium generally with five types of dissection and brain processing procedures defined in all disease related protocols. * Fresh brain dissection * Fresh brain processing * Dissection of formalin-fixed brain * Histology and immunohistochemistry * Processing fresh brain
Proper citation: BrainNet Europe Sampling Protocols (RRID:SCR_000484) Copy
http://www.thebrainproject.org/
The Mission of the Sarah Jane Brain Project is to create a model system of care for children and young adults suffering from all Pediatric Acquired Brain Injuries in order to advance our knowledge of the brain fifty years over the next five years! As a father of a child suffering from a Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury (PABI), I have spent countless hours searching the internet and speaking with Sarah Jane's development team (doctors, therapists and other professionals) trying to improve the development of my daughter. What I found was that while there are a countless number of wonderful and informative prevention sites for Shaken Baby Syndrome and advocacy sites for brain injuries, there is no one centralized resource for research and rehabilitation for PABI. Furthermore, many of the issues families and children face are the same whether the brain injury was caused by a car crash, a sports-related concussion, an assault or by a tumor. No one person or organization has all the answers to the questions that parents of children suffering from PABI face. Yet through my own experience, I learned that the coordination and dissemination of Sarah Jane's medical and therapy records and data in an orderly manner greatly helps her development team better help her. These wonderful individuals are constantly looking for additional ways to improve Sarah Jane's progress by speaking with their colleagues, reading literature on brain injury, and collaborating with other parents. But they all admit there is a considerable amount that still needs to be learned about the human brain, particularly the developing brain. The field of neuroscience today is similar to the computer science field of the 1950s and 1960s: you have a diverse group of very smart people working independently of one another throughout the United States and the world, yet few know what the others are doing behind closed doors. Fast- forward 50 years and many of the breakthroughs in the computer industry have been made utilizing the principles of open source a research method that promotes free and open access to the design and production of goods and knowledge. Its use was made well-known through the creation of the Linux computer operating system, in which professionals share knowledge to make corrections and fix problems. Open source is commonly used by millions of people today through the Wikipedia online free encyclopedia, a collection of public entries on established subjects that allows anyone to make additions or corrections. The National Institute of Mental Health launched The Human Brain Project in 1993 to develop and support the new science of neuro-informatics. From this initiative, it became obvious what needed to be done. That's why we created the Sarah Jane Brain Virtual Center of Excellence an ecosystem for professionals and families dealing with PABI around the world and a vehicle to help implement the PABI Plan by establishing a model system for PABI.
Proper citation: Sarah Jane Brain Project (RRID:SCR_000620) Copy
http://www.loni.usc.edu/Software/LOVE
A versatile 1D, 2D and 3D data viewer geared for cross-platform visualization of stereotactic brain data. It is a 3-D viewer that allows volumetric data display and manipulation of axial, sagittal and coronal views. It reads Analyze, Raw-binary and NetCDF volumetric data, as well as, Multi-Contour Files (MCF), LWO/LWS surfaces, atlas hierarchical brain-region labelings ( Brain Trees). It is a portable Java-based software, which only requires a Java interpreter and a 64 MB of RAM memory to run on any computer architecture. LONI_Viz allows the user to interactively overlay and browse through several data volumes, zoom in and out in the axial, sagittal and coronal views, and reports the intensities and the stereo-tactic voxel and world coordinates of the data. Expert users can use LONI_Viz to delineate structures of interest, e.g., sulcal curves, on the 3 cardinal projections of the data. These curves then may be use to reconstruct surfaces representing the topological boundaries of cortical and sub-cortical regions of interest. The 3D features of the package include a SurfaceViewer and a full real-time VolumeRenderer. These allow the user to view the relative positions of different anatomical or functional regions which are not co-planar in any of the axial, sagittal or coronal 2D projection planes. The interactive part of LONI_Viz features a region drawing module used for manual delineation of regions of interest. A series of 2D contours describing the boundary of a region in projection planes (axial, sagittal or coronal) could be used to reconstruct the surface-representation of the 3D outer shell of the region. The latter could then be resliced in directions complementary to the drawing-direction and these complementary contours could be loaded in all tree cardinal views. In addition the surface object could be displayed using the SurfaceViewer. A pre-loading data crop and sub-sampling module allows the user to load and view practically data of any size. This is especially important when viewing cryotome, histological or stained data-sets which may reach 1GB (109 bytes) in size. The user could overlay several pre-registered volumes, change intensity colors and ranges and the inter-volume opacities to visually inspect similarities and differences between the different subjects/modalities. Several image-processing aids provide histogram plotting, image-smoothing, etc. Specific Features: * Region description DataBase * Moleculo-genetic database * Brain anatomical data viewer * BrainMapper tool * Surface (LightWave objects/scenes) and Volume rendering tools * Interactive Contour Drawing tool Implementation Issues: * Applet vs. Application - the software is available as both an applet and a standalone application. The former could be used to browse data from within the LONI database, however, it imposes restrictions on file-size, Internet connection and network-bandwidth and client/server file access. The later requires a local install and configuration of the LONI_Viz software * Extendable object-oriented code (Java), computer architecture independent * Complete online software documentation is available at http://www.loni.ucla.edu/LONI_Viz and a Java-Class documentation is available at http://www.loni.ucla.edu/~dinov/LONI_Vis.dir/doc/LONI_Viz_Java_Docs.html
Proper citation: LONI Visualization Tool (RRID:SCR_000765) Copy
http://zebrafishucl.org/zebrafishbrain#about-1
Collates and curates neuroanatomical data and information generated both in-house and by community to communicate current state of knowledge about neuroanatomical structures in developing zebrafish. Most of data come from high resolution confocal imaging of intact brains in which neuroanatomical structures are labelled by combinations of transgenes and antibodies. Community repository for image based data related to neuroanatomy of zebrafish.
Proper citation: Zebrafish Brain Atlas (RRID:SCR_000606) Copy
http://www.drugabuseresearchtraining.org/
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on November 07, 2012. Decemeber 15, 2011 - Thank you for your interest in DrugAbuseResearchTraining.org. The site, courses, and resources are no longer available. Please send an email to inquiry (at) md-inc.com if you would like to be notified if the site or courses become available again. Introduction to Clinical Drug and Substance Abuse Research Methods is an online training program intended to introduce clinicians and substance abuse professionals to basic clinical research methods. The program is divided into four modules. Each module covers an entire topic and includes self-assessment questions, references, and online resources: * The Neurobiology of Drug Addiction * Biostatistics for Drug and Substance Abuse Research * Evaluating Drug and Substance Abuse Programs * Designing and Managing Drug and Substance Abuse Clinical Trials The learning objectives of this program are to help you: * Evaluate the benefits of alternative investigative approaches for answering important questions in drug abuse evaluation and treatment. * Define the proper levels of measurement and appropriate statistical methods for a clinical study. * Address common problems in data collection and analysis. * Anticipate key human subjects and ethical issues that arise in drug abuse studies. * Interpret findings from the drug abuse research literature and prepare a clinical research proposal. * Prepare research findings for internal distribution or publication in the peer reviewed literature. * Recognize drug addiction as a cyclical, chronic disease. * Understand and describe the brain circuits that are affected by addicting drugs, and explain to others the effects of major classes of addicting drugs on brain neurotransmitters. * Utilize new pharmacologic treatments to manage persons with drug addiction. Physicians can earn AMA PRA Category 1 Credit and purchase a high resolution printable electronic CME certificate(view sample); non-physicians can purchase high resolution printable electronic certificate of course participation that references AMA PRA Category 1 credit (view sample). This program does not offer printed certificates.
Proper citation: Online Education for the International Research Community: AboutIntroduction to Clinical Drug and Substance Abuse Research Methods (RRID:SCR_000802) Copy
http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/S5/
Sectional atlas featuring sections of the spinal cord and brain for a neuroanatomy course offered by Temple University. Labels may be turned on and off.
Proper citation: Sectional Atlas of Human Brain and Spinal Cord (RRID:SCR_000799) Copy
Collection of high resolution images and databases of brains from many genetically characterized strains of mice with aim to systematically map and characterize genes that modulate architecture of mammalian CNS. Includes detailed information on genomes of many strains of mice. Consists of images from approximately 800 brains and numerical data from just over 8000 mice. You can search MBL by strain, age, sex, body or brain weight. Images of slide collection are available at series of resolutions. Apple's QuickTime Plugin is required to view available MBL Movies.
Proper citation: Mouse Brain Library (RRID:SCR_001112) Copy
Sage Bionetworks, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (MSSM), University of Pennsylvania (Penn), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited (TAKEDA) have launched a Public-Private Pre-Competitive Consortium, the CommonMind Consortium, to generate and analyze large-scale genomic data from human subjects with neuropsychiatric disease and to make this data and the associated analytical results broadly available to the public. This collaboration brings together disease area expertise, large scale and well curated brain sample collections, and data management and analysis expertise from the respective institutions. As many as 450 million people worldwide are believed to be living with a mental or behavioral disorder: schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are two of the top six leading causes of years lived with disability according to the World Health Organization. The burden on the individual as well as on society is significant with estimates for the health care costs for these individuals as high as four percent GNP. This highlights a grave need for new therapies to alleviate this suffering. Researchers from MSSM including Dr. Pamela Sklar, Dr. Joseph Buxbaum and Dr. Eric Schadt will join with Dr. Raquel Gur and Dr. Chang-Gyu Hahn from Penn to combine their extensive brain bank collections for the generation of whole genome scale RNA and DNA sequence data. Dr.Pamela Sklar, Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience at MSSM commented this is an exciting opportunity for us to use the newest genomic methods to really expand our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disease, while Dr Raquel Gur, Professor of Psychiatry from Penn observed this will be a great complement to some of the large-scale genetic analyses that have been carried out to date because it will give a more complete mechanistic picture. The CommonMind Consortium is committed to generating an open resource for the community and invites others with common goals to contact us at info (at) CommonMind.org.
Proper citation: CommonMind Consortium (RRID:SCR_000139) Copy
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented October 28, 2015. Interactive, informative and educational community platform dedicated to cognitive science or the multidisciplinary exploration of the mind. This online platform, will help gather and link information providing a thorough and reliable source of information for students and professionals in the field, as well as help bridge the gap between academia and the society. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of cognitive science, the work is becoming increasingly specialized. Therefore to keep an eye on the bigger picture, it seems necessary to bring the discoveries of various disciplines together in one place, look at their similarities and differences and discuss them for future directions.
Proper citation: Cognitorium (RRID:SCR_000098) Copy
Strategy guide for HED Annotation. Framework for systematically describing laboratory and real world events.HED tags are comma separated path strings. Organized in forest of groups with roots Event, Item, Sensory presentation, Attribute, Action, Participant, Experiment context, and Paradigm. Used for preparing brain imaging data for automated analysis and meta analysis. Applied to brain imaging EEG, MEG, fNIRS, multimodal mobile brain or body imaging, ECG, EMG, GSR, or behavioral data. Part of Brain Imaging Data Structure standard for brain imaging.
Proper citation: HED Tags (RRID:SCR_014074) Copy
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