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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Norma McFarlane-Anderson
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Norma McFarlane-Anderson 2020. Universal sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for investigating Staphylococcal protein-A (SpA) interactions with immunoglobulins using a SpLG-HRP conjugate.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjpwkmpe Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Belkis Ferrer-Cosme
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: IgA appears in 2 different molecular structures: monomeric (serum) and dimeric structure (secretory). The serum IgA has a molecular weight of 160 Kd and a serum concentration of 3 mg/mL. Secretory IgA (sIgA) has a molecular weight of 385 Kd and a mean serum concentration of 0.05 mg/mL. It appears in mucosa membranes as a dimer (with J chain when secreted) and protects the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary system. IgA possesses a secretory component that prevents its enzymatic digestion. It activates the alternative pathway of activation of the complement system. [1]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Belkis Ferrer-Cosme 2020. ELISA for quantification of human immunoglobulin A (IgA) in serum or plasma.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj7vkrn6 Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. [1]The immunoregulatory cytokine IL-41 (also known as meteorin-like protein) is expressed at high levels in the synovium of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).[2]Reference1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.2.Onuora S. Novel cytokine, IL-41, linked with PsA.Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15(11):636. doi:10.1038/s41584-019-0314-7

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. ELISA for quantification of IL-41 in human serum or plasma.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bkeuktew Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Monica F. Smikle
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Monica F. Smikle 2020. Universal sandwich ELISA for investigating the binding of avian immunoglobulins to Staphylococcal protein-A (SpA) using anti-IgY-peroxidase conjugate.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjqxkmxn Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Norma McFarlane-Anderson
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: This SpLG ELISA can be used to detect specific antibodies in various animal species including human, mouse, rat, dog, rabbit, chicken, monkey, pig and hamster [1].1. Kihlberg BM, Sjöbring U, Kastern W, Björck L. Protein LG: a hybrid molecule with unique immunoglobulin binding properties.J Biol Chem. 1992;267(35):25583-25588.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Norma McFarlane-Anderson 2020. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for investigating the binding of protein-LG (SpLG) to immunoglobulins.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjpmkmk6 Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Belkis Ferrer-Cosme
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: IgD is a monomer with a molecular weight of 184 Kd. IgD is present in a meager amount in the serum (0.03 mg/mL) and has an unknown function against pathogens. It is regarded as a BCR. IgD may play an essential role in antigen-triggered lymphocyte differentiation. [1]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Belkis Ferrer-Cosme 2020. ELISA for quantification of human immunoglobulin D (IgD) in serum or plasma.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj7wkrpe Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. They have both paracrine and autocrine function. Interleukins are also used in animal studies to investigate aspect related to clinical medicine.T cells and stem cells make IL-3. It functions as a multilineage colony-stimulating factor. CD4+T cells (Th2) produce IL-5, and its principal targets are B cells. It causes B-cell growth factor and differentiation and IgA selection. Besides, causes eosinophil activation and increased production of these innate immune cells [1]Reference1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. ELISA for quantification of IL-5 in human serum.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj25kqg6 Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. They have both paracrine and autocrine function. Interleukins are also used in animal studies to investigate aspect related to clinical medicine.T cells and stem cells make IL-3. It functions as a multilineage colony-stimulating factor [1]Reference1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. ELISA for quantification of IL-3 in human serum.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj23kqgn Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Peroxidase conjugated to proteins L, A and G (SpLAG-HRP) is a new development in the field of biochemistry. This versatile protein binds to more 500 species of animal IgGs. It makes it suitable for the study of zoonosis and the assessment of the antibody production to infectious microorganisms. This immunomarker is not available in a recombinant form as their counterpart SpLA-HRP, SpLG-HRP and SpAG-HRP. It can be used in ELISA, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, Dot blot, and RIA [1,2]. References1. Justiz-Vaillant AA, Akpaka PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF. Comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species.West Indian Med J. 2013;62(1):12-20.2. Vaillant AJ, McFarlane-Andersonv N, Wisdom B, Mohammed W, Vuma S, et al. (2013) Immunoglobulin-binding Bacterial Proteins (IBP) Conjugates and their Reactivity with Immunoglobulin in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). J Anal Bioanal Tech 4: 175. doi:10.4172/2155-9872.1000175.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Protocol of preparation of a protein-LAG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase by the periodate method.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjk7kkzn Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. Th2 lymphocytes synthesize IL-19 and acts on resident vascular cells in addition to immune cells. It is an anti-inflammatory molecule. It promotes immune responses mediated by regulatory lymphocytes and has substantial activity on microvascular.[1]Reference1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. ELISA for quantification of IL-19 in human serum.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj3jkqkn Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Suzette E Curtello
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: The United States veterinarian Daniel E Salmon discovered the genus Salmonella. Salmonella is non-spore forming and it may survive without oxygen. This bacterial strain is mainly associated with animals. Salmonella is ubiquitous and may be asymptomatic which has generated great health concern.This bacterium is associated with life threatening diseases among human and animals.Gastroenteritis is one such disease which may resolve itself within five days in healthy individuals.Immuno compromised individuals and the young are at great risk as this may progress to secondary systemic complication.Salmonella serotype exceeds two thousand which may be differentiated from each other by the International Kauffmann-white Scheme Serotyping Manual.Surface antigens produced by salmonellae are used in the determination of isolated strain.Determination of the “O” antigen group associated with the carbohydrate constituent of the lipopolysaccharide membrane of the bacterium precede the identification of the protein “H” antigen which is linked to the tail like flagella of the bacterium.The two existing phases of Salmonellamay be referred to as specific and nonspecific which function as motile and non motile phases.The existing phase of Salmonellawill determine the “H” antigens that are produced.An additional “Vi” antigen is associated with virulent encapsulated strains of Salmonella Typhi.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Suzette E Curtello 2020. Salmonella purification. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjjekkje Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Immunoblot analyses for investigating SpLG-binding to purified mammalian and avian immunoglobulins.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjrukm6w Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Interleukins (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells. They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells, as well as proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion. They also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The primary function of interleukins is, therefore, to modulate growth, differentiation, and activation during inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukins consist of a large group of proteins that can elicit many reactions in cells and tissues by binding to high-affinity receptors in cell surfaces. Regulatory T-cells synthesize IL-28, which acts on keratinocytes and melanocytes. It stimulates cell presentation of viral antigens to CD8+T lymphocytes. IL-28 also upregulates TLR-2 and TLR-3 expression. IL-28 enhances the keratinocyte capacity to recognize pathogens in the healthy skin. [1]Reference1. Justiz Vaillant AA, Qurie A. Interleukin. In:StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; June 12, 2019.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. ELISA for quantification of IL-28 in human serum.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj3xkqpn Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Determination of C3 concentration by the Mancini test.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj94kr8w Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: This ELISA was based on the theory that antibodies present in different samples would compete with human IgG for binding to SpL, resulting in inhibition of human IgG-SpL interactions [1].Reference:1. Justiz-Vaillant AA, Akpaka PE, McFarlane-Anderson N, Smikle MF. Comparison of techniques of detecting immunoglobulin-binding protein reactivity to immunoglobulin produced by different avian and mammalian species.West Indian Med J. 2013;62(1):12-20.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for investigating SpL binding to mammalian and avian immunoglobulins. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjqckmsw Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Universal Sandwich ELISA for investigating the binding of Protein-LAG (SpLAG) to avian immunoglobulins using anti-IgY-peroxidase as conjugate.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjq5kmy6 Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Peroxidase labeled anti-human IgG is a conjugated secondary antibody that can be used to detect specific antibodies against millions of antigens in humans. This reagent is usually used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot analysis and dot blot [1,2]. Reference1. Stubenrauch K, Wessels U, Essig U, Kowalewsky F, Vogel R, Heinrich J. Characterization of murine anti-human Fab antibodies for use in an immunoassay for generic quantification of human Fab fragments in non-human serum samples including cynomolgus monkey samples.J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013;72:208-215. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.08.0232.Justiz Vaillant AA, McFarlane-Anderson N, Akpaka PE, Smikle MP, Ramirez N, et al. (2013) Use of Dot Blots Analysis in the Separation of Anti-HIV Antibodies in Animals. J Chromat Separation Techniq 4: 181. doi:10.4172/2157- 7064.1000181

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Protocol of preparation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated to anti-human IgG to be used as secondary antibody in immunoassays. . protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjmxkk7n Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Monica F. Smikle
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Monica F. Smikle 2020. Universal sandwich ELISA for investigating the binding of avian immunoglobulins to Streptococcal protein-G (SpG) using anti-IgY-peroxidase conjugate. . protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjqvkmw6 Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Belkis Ferrer-Cosme
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant, Belkis Ferrer-Cosme 2020. ELISA for quantification of CXC motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) in human serum or plasma.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bj7dkri6 Copy   

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Authors: Angel Justiz-Vaillant
Group: University of the West Indies, [email protected]
Summary: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for studying the presence of anti-Salmonella antibody in layer hens was a reproducible and feseable test used to meassure IgY development after vaccination.

Proper citation: Angel Justiz-Vaillant 2020. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for studying the presence of anti-Salmonella antibody in layer hen's egg yolks.. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bjj3kkqn Copy   

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