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URL: https://dx.doi.org/DOI:10.17504/protocols.io.bcgdits6

Authors: Ilse Verveer, Danielle Remmerswaal, Joran Jongerling, Frederik M. van der Veen, Ingmar H. A. Franken

Summary: The aim of the study was to explore the effects of repetitive tDCS on smoking behaviour by means of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) in a sample of ad libitum smokersParticipants recruited for this study were smokers between the age of 18 and 65 years who smoked 10 cigarettes or more a day and who had the ability to speak, read, and write in Dutch. Exclusion criteria were: 1) Current substance use disorder of a substance other than nicotine or caffeine; 2) History of neurological or psychiatric disorders; 3) Any contraindication for electrical brain stimulation procedures (i.e. electronic implants or metal implants); 4) Pregnancy or breast-feeding; 5) Intentions to actively try to quit smoking in the next three months. Participants were recruited via advertisement at Erasmus University Rotterdam from October 2016 until March 2018 and received either course credit or a financial compensation of 20 euroThe current study employed a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled design in which subjects received a total of six tDCS sessions (active or sham) on three days in one week with at least one day in between. Participants were first randomly assigned to either sham or active tDCS. Then, before the tDCS sessions and at three months follow-up, participants completed the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND; [28]). Breath carbon monoxide concentrations were also measured using a Micro+ Smokerlyzer (Bedfont Scientific Ltd., Rochester, UK) to objectively define smoking.To measure changes in smoking behaviour, participants were asked to keep track of their cigarette consumption, craving and affect in an application on their mobile phones (EMA). Questions in the application were presented at four random times a day for three weeks in total (random assessments; RA’s), starting the week before the first tDCS session. After three months, participants were asked to fill out the same four-time daily random assessments for one more week. In addition, participants were asked to start a session every time they smoked a cigarette (user-initiated smoking assessment; SA) for three months in total. An ‘end of the day’ assessment (EA) was also implemented for three months, which asked participants to fill out the total number of smoked cigarettes of that day.

Associated Publications: Verveer I, Remmerswaal D, Jongerling J, Veen FMvd, Franken IHA (2020) No effect of repetitive tDCS on daily smoking behaviour in light smokers: A placebo controlled EMA study. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233414. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233414

Affiliations: Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam

External URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233414

Version: 1

Publication Date: 2020

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